Univariate vs. Bivariate

Examples of a Univariate Statistic

Frequency distribution

Examples of a Univariate Statistic

Proportion (p)

\(p = f / n\)

f = raw frequency

n = total sample size

Examples of a Univariate Statistic

Percentage (pct)

\(p = (f / n)100\)

f = raw frequency

n = total sample size

Examples of a Univariate Statistic

Rate (r)

\(r = (f/N)Multiplier\)

f = frequency

N = population

Multiplier = determined by our population size (e.g., if your population is millions, you’d use 100,000)

• What would you use if your populations is smaller? For example, a rural town of 15,000.

Let’s do some calculations

Contingency Tables

A table showing overlap between two variables.

The top Columns and furthest left Rows are our variables.

Contingency Tables

A table showing overlap between two variables.

Recap

• Univariate and Bivariate Statistics

• Proportion, Percents, and Rates

• Contingency Tables

Pie Charts

Used for categorical variables with only a few groups.

Adding Data to Pies

Adding percentages to pie charts

Bar Graphs

Used for categorical variables that have many or a few groups.

Histograms

Used for continuous variables

Frequency Polygon

Used for continuous variables.

Alternative to a histogram.

Line Charts

These are common for longitudinal variables or trends.

Pop Quiz

When using categorical graphs, what types of variables can we use?

A.) Ratio and Ordinal
B.) Interval and Nominal
C.) Nominal and Ordinal
D.) None of the above

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Setting up Posit Cloud

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